Organic chemistry

A subdiscipline of chemistry concerned with the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds and materials—defined primarily by the presence of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other heteroatoms. It encompasses a wide range of molecular frameworks including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, and polymers.
Organic chemistry is foundational to biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science, and involves mechanistic analysis of reaction pathways, stereoelectronic effects, and functional group transformations. It employs techniques such as spectroscopy (NMR, IR, MS), chromatography, and computational modeling to elucidate molecular behavior and design novel compounds.