Polymers

Polymer is a remarkably large molecule, often referred to as a macromolecule, built from numerous repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers, typically small molecules, are linked together through covalent chemical bonds, resulting in long chains or complex three-dimensional networks. Polymers encompass a vast range of materials, including naturally occurring examples such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and starch, as well as synthetic polymers like polyethylene and nylon. The process of constructing these large molecules from their constituent monomers is known as polymerization, and it’s a fundamental reaction in materials science and numerous industrial applications.

Types of Polymers

Polymers are classified in several ways:

By Origin

• Natural: Found in nature (e.g., silk, wool, starch).
• Synthetic: Man-made (e.g., PVC, Teflon).

By Structure

• Linear: Monomers form a single chain.
• Branched: Chains have side branches.
• Cross-linked: Chains are interconnected, forming a network.

By Composition

• Homopolymers: Made from one type of monomer (e.g., polyethylene).
• Copolymers: Made from two or more monomers (e.g., styrene-butadiene rubber).

Properties and Applications

Polymers are valued for their light weight, durability, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals and corrosion. These properties make them indispensable in:

• Packaging: Plastic films, containers
• Textiles: Polyester, nylon
• Medical devices: Prosthetics
• Electronics: Insulating materials
• Construction: Pipes