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HomeCarboxylic acid esters / Lactones

Carboxylic acid esters / Lactones


Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids and lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They both can be prepared by esterification from corresponding acids and alcohols but in case of lactones this process is intramolecular. The classic synthesis is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst. Since esterification is highly reversible, the yield of the ester can be improved using Le Chatelier's principle (alcohol in large excess, dehydrating agent, removal of water with the use of Dean-Stark apparatus). Another popular methods of preparation are alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, transesterification and the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone. Esters are versatile intermediates in synthesis, they can undergo hydrolysis, saponification and reduction to aldehydes or alcohols. Esters also serve as a protecting group for carboxylic acids.

Product nameStructureCAS#G-code
Dimethyl 2′,6′-dimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[2,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2',6'-dimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03602
Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03573
Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)furan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)furan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03522
Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-(pyridin-2-ylthio)furan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(5-(pyridin-2-ylthio)furan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03494
Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03548
Dimethyl 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03580
Dimethyl 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03532
Dimethyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03549
Dimethyl 4-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03506
Dimethyl 4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03641
Dimethyl 4-isobutyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-isobutyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03629
Dimethyl 4-isopropyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-isopropyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03571
Dimethyl 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03597
Dimethyl 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate[5453-67-8]GEO-01215
Dimethyl 2′,6,6′-trimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2',6,6'-trimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[3,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03624
Dimethyl 2′,3,6′-trimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[2,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2',3,6'-trimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03492
Dimethyl 2′,5,6′-trimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[2,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2',5,6'-trimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03536
Diphenylphosphonoacetic acid ethyl esterStructure of Diphenylphosphonoacetic acid ethyl ester[16139-79-0]GEO-01243
NewEthyl (S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propanoateStructure of Ethyl (S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propanoate[83290-90-8]GEO-04949
Ethyl 6-acetyl-2-pyridinecarboxylateStructure of Ethyl 6-acetyl-2-pyridinecarboxylate[114578-70-0]GEO-01309