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HomeCarboxylic acid esters / Lactones

Carboxylic acid esters / Lactones


Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids and lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They both can be prepared by esterification from corresponding acids and alcohols but in case of lactones this process is intramolecular. The classic synthesis is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst. Since esterification is highly reversible, the yield of the ester can be improved using Le Chatelier's principle (alcohol in large excess, dehydrating agent, removal of water with the use of Dean-Stark apparatus). Another popular methods of preparation are alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, transesterification and the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone. Esters are versatile intermediates in synthesis, they can undergo hydrolysis, saponification and reduction to aldehydes or alcohols. Esters also serve as a protecting group for carboxylic acids.

Product nameStructureCAS#G-code
Diethyl 2′,3,6′-trimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[2,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Diethyl 2',3,6'-trimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03534
Diethyl 2′,5,6′-trimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[2,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Diethyl 2',5,6'-trimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03538
(S)-4,5-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanoneStructure of (S)-4,5-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone[7331-52-4]GEO-03952
3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid methyl esterStructure of 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester[3934-86-9]GEO-01104
Dimethyl 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylate[1459-95-6]GEO-01144
Dimethyl 3′-bromo-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-[4,4′-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 3'-bromo-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-[4,4'-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03686
Dimethyl 6-bromo-2′,6′-dimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[2,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 6-bromo-2',6'-dimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03510
Dimethyl 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03621
Dimethyl 4-(5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)furan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)furan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03639
Dimethyl 4-(4-bromothiophen-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(4-bromothiophen-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03660
Dimethyl 4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03607
Dimethyl 2′-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-[4,4′-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2'-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-[4,4'-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03578
Dimethyl 4-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03612
Dimethyl 4-(5-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(5-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate[]GEO-03646
Dimethyl-2,5-diaminothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl-2,5-diaminothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-01170
Dimethyl 2,4-dibromoglutarateStructure of Dimethyl 2,4-dibromoglutarate[869-09-0]GEO-01171
Dimethyl 2,4-dichloro-2′,6′-dimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,4-dichloro-2',6'-dimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[3,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03606
Dimethyl 2,6-dichloro-2′,6′-dimethyl-1′,4′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-3′,5′-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,6-dichloro-2',6'-dimethyl-1',4'-dihydro-[3,4'-bipyridine]-3',5'-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03518
Dimethyl 4-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 4-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylateN/AGEO-03503
Dimethyl 2,5-dihydrothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylateStructure of Dimethyl 2,5-dihydrothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylate[20946-32-1]GEO-04024