Nucleation

Nucleation represents the initial and critical process of forming a new thermodynamic phase or structure from an existing parent phase. This fundamental process begins with the aggregation of molecules or atoms, driven by fluctuations in energy, ultimately leading to the formation of a small, stable cluster known as a nucleus. This nascent nucleus acts as the starting point for further growth and expansion, converting the original parent phase into the new, distinct phase. The formation of a nucleus is governed by thermodynamic principles, with a lower energy state favouring its creation. Understanding nucleation is essential in various applications, including crystallization, foaming, and the formation of emulsions, highlighting its significance across diverse scientific fields.